Bubblegum pop (also known as bubblegum rock, bubblegum music, or simply bubblegum) is a genre of pop music whose classic period ran from 1967 to 1972. The chief characteristics of the genre are that it is pop music contrived and marketed to appeal to pre-teens, produced using an assembly-line process, driven by producers using faceless singers, and has an intangible, upbeat bubblegum sound. The songs typically have singalong choruses, seemingly childlike themes and a contrived innocence, occasionally combined with an undercurrent of sexual double entendre. They also have a catchy melody, simple chords, simple harmonies, danceable beats, and repetitive riffs or hooks. The song lyrics often concern romantic love, but are notable for their frequent reference to sugary food, including sugar, honey, jelly and marmalade. The genre was predominantly a singles phenomenon rather than album-oriented and because many acts were manufactured in the studio using session musicians, a large number of bubblegum songs were by one-hit wonders. Among the best-known acts of bubblegum's golden era are 1910 Fruitgum Company, The Ohio Express, The Archies, The Lemon Pipers and The Partridge Family. Cross-marketing with cereal and bubblegum manufacturers also strengthened the link between bubblegum songs and confectionery. Cardboard Records by The Archies, Banana Splits, The Jackson 5, The Monkees, Josie and the Pussycats, H.R. Pufnstuf and other acts were included on cereal boxes in the late 1960s and early 1970s, while acts including The Brady Bunch had their own brands of chewing gum as a result deals with TV networks and record companies. The genre began to fade from about 1972 as the focus of it's target audience moved to a new group of teen idol stars in the US and the new genre of glam rock in Britian. Bubblegum left a powerful legacy in the later rise of prefabricated boy bands and girl groups such as The Spice Girls and Take That, which were marketed with similar techniques. Several prolific bubblegum creators including Bogart and producer Giorgio Moroder moved on to disco, leading to the rise of acts including Donna Summer and The Village People. The genre has undergone a revival since the launch of The Spice Girls in 1996 and the popularity of acts associated with The Disney Channel including Raven Symone, Hilary Duff and Lindsay Lohan since 2000.